Peru is a country of incredible diversity, both geographically and culturally. Situated on the western side of South America, it is bordered by Ecuador, Colombia, Brazil, Bolivia, and Chile, and has a coastline along the Pacific Ocean. The country is known for its rich history, most notably as the home of the Incan Empire, with the famous Machu Picchu ruins being a testament to this ancient civilization. The geography of Peru is varied, with the arid plains of the Pacific coastal region, the peaks of the Andes mountains, and the tropical Amazon Basin rainforest. Its capital, Lima, is a bustling metropolis that contrasts with the quiet Andean villages and the untouched landscapes of the Amazon. Peru's biodiversity is one of the richest in the world, offering habitats to a wide array of wildlife, from penguins and flamingos on the coast to jaguars and spectacled bears in the rainforest. The Peruvian culture is a blend of indigenous, Spanish, and other immigrant influences, reflected in its music, dance, and cuisine. The country is famous for dishes such as ceviche and the Pisco sour cocktail. Peru's economy is diverse, including significant sectors in mining, manufacturing, agriculture, and tourism. Despite modern advancements, Peru also faces challenges such as economic inequality and the preservation of its natural and cultural heritage. The people of Peru are known for their warm hospitality and deep-seated traditions, making it a captivating destination for travelers from around the world.