Indonesia is a vast archipelagic country located in Southeast Asia, known for its rich cultural diversity, stunning natural landscapes, and vibrant history. It consists of over 17,000 islands, with Java, Sumatra, Borneo (shared with Malaysia and Brunei), Sulawesi, and New Guinea being among the largest. The country is home to hundreds of ethnic groups speaking many different languages, although Bahasa Indonesia is the national language. Indonesia's capital city, Jakarta, is on the island of Java and is one of the most populous urban regions in the world. The nation's economy is diverse, with significant sectors including agriculture, manufacturing, and services. Indonesia is also known for its natural resources like oil, gas, tin, copper, and gold. Tourism plays a significant role in the economy, with destinations like Bali, Yogyakarta, and Komodo National Park attracting visitors from around the globe. The country's climate is tropical, with distinct wet and dry seasons in different regions. Indonesia's biodiversity is remarkable, ranging from lush rainforests to coral reefs, and it is part of the Coral Triangle, which contains some of the richest marine biodiversity on earth. The nation has a complex history, having been colonized by the Dutch and experiencing a struggle for independence that was finally achieved in 1945. Today, Indonesia is known for its democratic political system, although it has faced challenges such as corruption, natural disasters, and separatist conflicts. The Indonesian culture is as diverse as its people, with traditional music, dance, and art forms varying significantly from one region to another. The country's cuisine is also varied, with spicy and flavorful dishes that reflect the local ingredients and historical influences.